Całość tekstu jest traktowana jako integralna całość, można ją cytować, ale zgodnie z prawem z podaniem źródła tzn. autora książki i jej tytułu, osoby udzielające wywiadu, no i tłumacza amatora:). Tłumaczenie jest moje (z pomocą Google Translate), dlatego jest pewnie w nim dużo błędów:), pro publico bono, całkowicie bez wynagrodzenia.
A wild restitution of Jewish property
with Wojciech Surmacz
What was the origin of the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland?
However, this story should start with the fact that - according to my research - the officers of Military Intelligence were involved in the creation of the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland. For the first time I heard about it during a meeting with my informer from the Warsaw Jewish community, who told me directly: "Before we start talking, you must know one thing ... We were all in the army." That is why I began to check at the Institute of National Remembrance of all prominent activists of the Union of Jewish Religious Communities. While conducting the query, I came across evident SB (Służba Bezpieczeństwa - Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) threads. The chairman of the Jewish Community in Silesia, Katowice, was a former prisoner of the Auschwitz concentration camp, vice-chairman of the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland, multiple delegate to the World Congress Jews, SB-men with a rich file in the IPN, Feliks Lipman, who shot himself in 2002. The founding father of the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in the Republic of Poland was Colonel Paweł Wildstein, a graduate of the Diplomatic and Consular Faculty of the Academy of Political Sciences and the Engineering Academy of Communications in Leningrad, and the General Staff Academy in the name of General Karol Swierczewski in Warsaw.
Why did those people engage in the creation of Jewish communities? Why? Members of the Military Service joined the creation of this organization, and later the creation of the commune, because they wanted to lay their paws on the pre-war municipal property of the Jews, that is, the property of pre-war Jewish communities in Poland.
Before the war each commune was a separate unit, independent of other communes. Even among Jews, there are different denominations. There are orthodox Jews, progressive, reformed, ultra-orthodox, etc. These denominations also existed before the war and didn’t constitute one compact organization. It was a bit as it is, for example, in the Christian world, where there is a Catholic Church, an Orthodox Church, or a Protestant Church, and each of them is legally independent from each other and each of them has a different set of rules. The same was true of Jews before the war. Since 1989, however, it isn’t so. Now there is only the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland. To understand how this happened, first of all, we need to follow the work of the Polish People's Republic (PRL) Intelligence. In 1981, a Department “YY was formed in the Internal Military Service (communistic military intelligence). It was a group of well-educated officers. Sławomir Cenckiewicz quite accurately described their activities. They dealt with economic activities in various areas. They created, among others the financial system of the Third Polish Republic, which is still functioning in Poland today.
This can be confirmed by the activity of some lawyers who started buying for themselves or for their clients claims to properties taken over by the Bierut decree before the PRL collapsed, that is, when it was illegal.
The fact that the group of officers of the Internal Military Service co-created the Polish free market economy is a fact. The officers were already learning in the People's Republic of Poland to take over the property of other people. They dealt with taking over the legacy of the rich Poles abroad. In the report created by Antoni Macierewicz, there is even the story of one of colonels who went to Canada. The heir's papers were made to him and he laid his paw on a property worth 186,000 dollars. Quite a lot of money, for those times. Military Intelligence had similar impetus already in the period of the PRL. After that, there was also the famous Pro Civili Foundation. For them, conducting criminal activity was something completely natural. In any case, my research shows that after the reform of the Military Internal Service, the officers of this service divided into two groups. The first group of officers went to the WSI, and the second went to the private world. Both groups, however, remained in close contact and acted in concert. According to Antoni Macierewicz and Cenckiewicz's research, there were about 2.5 thousand intelligence officers in the structures of state and private companies. In my opinion, it was at that time this group was established to deal with the Jewish property. She shared it yet for another two groups. The first was to lay a paw on the property belonging to the municipalities, and the second on the private property, which was much more valuable. And this second group has created something that is unique on a global scale. I think because I know that in no country in the world there is such a big black market of trade in claims, as in Poland. He is simply gigantic in Poland. Unofficially, the size of the Polish claims trade market is compared with the Warsaw Stock Exchange, whose capitalization in 2016 amounted to 508.5 billion PLN.
This trade takes place between law firms. When you enter the Internet, you will find very large law firms from Warsaw, Gdańsk, Poznań, Kraków and Wrocław, which deal with real estate belonging to Jews once. It is done in a very different way. Sometimes fictitious former owners are found, and sometimes the real descendants of heirs who live, for example, in the United States. They give them 100,000. zlotys for a tenement house in the center of Warsaw worth 10 million zlotys, and then a house is recovered step by step.
Also in Łódź and other Polish cities, post-Jewish tenement houses are taken over in this way. In Łódź, for example, just after the city has undergone a major refurbishment of dozens of tenement houses, their alleged heirs have suddenly begun to find their way back and demanded their return. Mainly this concerned properties located in the most expensive and most representative places in Łódź. Every year, there are about 30 applications for non-movable property. Regarding this procedure, I even heard about a situation where a person applying for the "recovery" of a certain property invoked a will, which if it really was true, then it would have to be written and sent from Auschwitz. Apart from this otherwise interesting subject, I would like to return to the restitution of the property of the pre-war Jewish communities. They exist because I know very strong links between various Jewish organizations that directly or indirectly participate in this reprivatization..
In 1993, the European Jewish Congress, the World Jewish Congress, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (Joint), B'nai B'rith International and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (CJMCAG) - an American organization receiving compensation and reparations for the WW2 money from the German government - for the World Jewish Restitution Organization (WJRO), whose main objective is to carry out activities in the Central and Eastern European countries, including Poland, for the return of property once owned by Jewish natural and legal persons. On February 20, 1997, the Sejm of the Republic of Poland adopted the Act on the State's relation to Jewish religious communities in the Republic of Poland. As one of the beneficiaries of the privatization of the property of Jewish communes in Poland, WJRO has just entered the state. Under the agreement, it was concluded between the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland and WJRO, the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland (FODZ) was established which dealt with, among others recovery, management and sale of property belonging to former Jewish communities in Poland.
In addition to the institutional links between CJMCAG, WJRO and FODŻ, there were and still exist also personal connections between them. The member of the FODŽ Foundation is Arie Bucheister, an employee of CJMCAG and its representative in the WJRO Council34. The FODZ Board is composed of a former American Joint Jew, Herbert Block 35. One of the members of the Board of the FODŻ is Gideon Taylor, vice-chairman in 2000-2009 of CJMCAG, and since 2014 the managing director of WJRO 36 projects. His name is related to the financial scandal of 2006, when it turned out that he received a remuneration and a pension of PLN 437,811 thousand dollars from CJMCAG. Dr Pinto-Duschinsky stated at the time that Gideon Taylor earned in one year as much as compensation for several hundred former Jewish forced laborers 37. This isn’t all, however. It is worth pointing to other connections. Well, a member of the Board of FODŻ was Saul Kagan, who died in 2013, one of the founders and founders of CJMCAG and a member of the WJRO 38 Board. In addition to him, a member of the Board of FODŻ, and above all the founder of the FODŻ, was the former WJRO president and ambassador in Poland in 2004-2009, David Peleg 39. The structural and personal links between all these institutions are very strong.
What is amazing in all of this, however, is the fact that in the sovereign and democratic state of law, which Poland considers to be, foreigners, American Jews, and American Jewish organizations were allowed to manage property belonging to Polish Jews before the war. I am surprised that Polish Jews allowed themselves to be imposed by some American Jews on some kind of guardianship and gave them permission to interfere in their internal affairs. This restriction of the sovereignty of Polish Jews smells of neo-colonialism. In exchange for beads, the thousand-year heritage of Polish Jews was given to American Jews.
34 http://wjro.org.il/about-wjro/council-representatives/.
35 https://fodz.pl/?d=2&id=2157&l=pl.
36 http://www.money.pl/rejestr-firm/nip/525-22-39-536/kod-pocztowy/00-105/.
37 http://jewssansfrontieres.blogspot.com/2006/05/jewish-chronicle-takes-on -holocaust.html.
38 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/world/europe/saul-kagan-who-won -holocaust-restitution-is-dead-at-91.html.
39 http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/world-jewish-congress-mo urns-passing-of-david-peleg.
Unfortunately, ordinary Polish Jews didn’t have, and they still have nothing to say in this matter. However, it is good that you mentioned these international Jewish organizations and all this network of mutual connections. It is certainly important. Let us, however, return to the genesis, and thus how Poland came to pass the bill mentioned by you, and in effect, to take over the property of Jewish municipalities. Well, the World Jewish Congress and its emanation in the form of the World Jewish Restitution Organization, because it is a linked system, noticed that people from Poland are interested in the property of municipalities. They have been preparing for the "recovery" since 1989. They knew that they would be able to get back the communal property, because he was not a private person, but a juridical person, that is, an institution. It was relatively easy to reach for this. In this way, two trends emerged: the foreign trend and the internal trend, the organization of the American and Polish groups. In the 1990s, the Jews wanted to talk to the Polish government somehow. There was a situation that American Jewish organizations wanted to help Poland in obtaining large damages from the Germans for losses during the WW2. On the Polish side, however, there was no good will to take advantage of this opportunity. We had a form of apathy and nobody responded to this position of American Jews. The suggestion sounded as follows: "We will help you in obtaining a large sum of money from the Germans, because we know how to do it and still get something from them. If necessary, we will help you with American roofs, because we have sawn trails, we know certain mechanisms and we can also provide you with our best law firms. Instead, because you have our property here a little, we will ask you for it." However, no agreement was reached and the Jews eventually withdrew from this proposal.
Keeping in mind the reports of the former secretary general and deputy chairman of the Liberal Democratic Congress Paweł Piskorski on financing KLD with money from the German CDU, the apathy of Polish politicians on this issue may seem perfectly understandable.
This apathy was seen both in KLD and in Jan Krzysztof Bielecki. In any case, there was no response from the Polish side to the offer of American Jews. It was a system of connected vessels: "We will help you in obtaining a large cash from the Germans, because we know how to do it and still get something from them. If necessary, we will help you in the American courts, because we have sawn trails, we know certain mechanisms and we can also provide you with our best law firms. Instead, because you have our property here a bit, we will ask you for it. "
However, there was no settlement and the Jews finally withdrew from this proposal. However, this subject came back when Aleksander Kwaśniewski became president. American organizations began lobbying Kwasniewski and brought him to Israel, where he met with representatives of the World Jewish Congress. On the other hand, all members of the Military Intelligence Services were active all the time, who stomped their own Paths and had their own access. The Jews therefore lobbied with President Kwasniewski, and the Poles lobbied with Prime Minister Miller. It turns out that ours turned out to be more effective and they managed to gain an advantage. At one point, they led to a favorable formula for the law on religious associations, thanks to which they could finally enter the action. Thanks to their behind-the-scenes efforts, they led to the situation that the law on the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland was passed, which de facto monopolized their single-mindedness over Polish Jews. All Jewish organizations were thrown into one sack, which was called the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland. Since then, without the consent of this organization, you can’t, for example, establish a Jewish community. If, for example, fifteen Jews from the United States, Australia or Canada come to Poland and want to establish a commune here, then they can’t go like other denominations to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but they must go to the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland. It is the Union that gives them permission, not the ministry. If the Union agrees, they can set up a community. If, however, he does not agree, then the end.
If it is as you say, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland has been broken?
I'm not a constitutionalist, but I think so.
Maybe let's put it on the Christian realities. So the current situation in the Jewish world is adequate to the situation in which Pentecostal or Orthodox citizens coming to Poland instead of going to the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in order to register their association, would have to go to the Polish Episcopate and ask him to give his consent to their activities in Poland, and after a possible consent, would still have to pay the Catholic Church money?
Yes, it is as if the Protestants went to Cardinal Nycz and he would tell them: "You don’t like me, I don’t agree!" I assure you that you will not find another country like him in the world, in which one The Jewish religious association would control the other. In no other country would the Jews ever allow such a thing. In the United States, Israel, Great Britain, Germany, France, in every civilized state, such centralization is impossible. It does not have a single Jewish denomination: there are many divisions among Jews, not only in religious terms, but also in political and ideological terms, just as it is everywhere, but in Poland it looks like this, if there were no such divisions among the Jews, there is one just stream and only one organization has the right to create Jewish community in Poland and only one they have the right to provide services to Polish Jews. The basic question is how many members have these communities, because I don’t know. I have come to certain information on this one that is reliable, but it was not full. The number of Jews in Poland is estimated today at some 100,000. people, and maybe even more. Anyone who comes to Poland and wants to open a commercial activity connected with religion here, will not do it without the permission of one Jewish organization. He feels here, like it was before 1989. Determining what Jews can and can’t do is in fact an exact reproduction of the communist monopoly field, in the form of one central committee of the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland, with one first secretary who manages and decides everything. The first secretary is approved by the Association, the chief rabbi of Poland, Michael Schudrich. Only he has the right to decide what is kosher and what isn’t. If he does not have his stamp, it isn’t important and can’t be considered kosher.
Returning, however, to the history of meeting these two trends: American and Polish. When the Act on the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland, which I mentioned, was adopted, the American trend suddenly opened such a gate that, as part of the implementation of this act, the American side together with the Polish side are to set up a foundation that can participate in from gaining property of pre-war Jewish communities. It is interesting that here Jews from the United States entered the matter, not from Germany, from Russia or from Israel. So this is another strange record, right after it is the central, main Jewish religious association. The most important thing, however, is that in this act, the word "return" or "restitution" isn’t in any place. Transcripts from the work of the Sejm committee that creates this bill are generally available in the Sejm archives. MPs who were its originators and enacted it at the Sejm say: "Because the Confessional Union of Jewish Communes of Poland isn’t a full-fledged successor of Jewish organizations that operated in Poland before the war, we can’t talk about restitution or restitution, because here there is no relation "owner" - "heir". We here have a completely different relationship in the form of a Jewish organization "-" another Jewish organization. " Since there is no continuity between them, we will write about the transfer of ownership. " So this is another unique phenomenon on a global scale. We are talking de facto that we are taking, but we call it "the transfer of ownership". If I take you a car, I take your property. In other words - "I'm transferring this property" to myself.
After the end of the lobbying process, during which it turned out who is more effective, these two trends met together and it was necessary to agree on what to do with this gate in the act, and thus the Foundation for the Protection of Jewish Heritage. It was necessary to call it and consider how to share it. Thus, the representatives of the World Jewish Congress and the World Jewish Restitution Organization meet with people from the Polish side. Transcripts were prepared from this meeting. Piotr Kadlcik was then the head of the Polish organization. Andrzej Zozula also comes to this meeting and one, which he later shot in Katowice. At this meeting, real trade begins between them. At some point on the transcript written in the form of a notarial deed that is in the National Court Register and is also a contract worth between these organizations, even the phrase "We are going to cut down Poland and share the Jewish property. We take the West, and you East. We South, and you North. "Perhaps it was a joke, but you can see what attitude they had towards the property of Polish Jews, this is the most shocking thing that enraged and pissed off the world of Jews, which was something the Jews call "szande", that is shame, embarrassment. Shame on Jews is worse than corruption. The shame in this story is that at the very beginning, if they didn’t have this property, they agreed to trade it. They will pick up and sell!
What then happened to the money from the sale of real estate recovered by the Foundation? Have they left in Poland or have they been brought to the United States?
The question of where the money is still hanging in the air. In this one hundred and twenty-page long transcript, they agree on what to do and how to share with each other. There is also something more interesting in the National Court Register. There were no annual reports of the Foundation from 6 years. So you couldn’t see if this money is or not and whether they trade it. It was not known whether the Foundation conducts business activities as they agreed with each other. It was only after my text that they supplemented their financial statements.
In any case, after the establishment of the Foundation, the so-called restitution is begin. A property commission with the Ministry of the Interior is established, which later operates at the Ministry of Interior and Administration, and now again at the Ministry of the Interior. As it isn’t known how many individual municipalities and all municipalities together have members today, so no one knows how many properties were transferred to Jewish organizations by the state. Some people from the Jewish community, however, believed that real estate is recovered and sold. It was then that Bolesław Szenicer got involved, who couldn’t stand what was happening to the heritage of Polish Jews. Szenicer is a Warsaw Jew who for many years managed the cemetery in Wola and is extremely sensitive about the desecration of Jewish culture. It has such a small museum at the Jewish cemetery. Before the museum in Muranów had risen, the Szenic Museum had long existed. He has slides, boxes, some scraps of reality that he found in the vicinity of the cemetery and in the post-Jewish tenement houses. It looks a lot like a kleptomaniac museum, a storyteller, a freak, but in my opinion it is much more valuable and valuable than Polin, because it shows the real life of Polish Jews. There is also a model of the largest and most beautiful pre-war synagogue in Warsaw, which stood next to the cemetery. What's most interesting, the largest and most beautiful synagogues in Poland belonged to progressive and reformed Jews, because they were the richest. They were very influential in pre-war Polish society, and today they hardly exist.
The activity of progressive Jews was reactivated in Poland by Seweryn Aszkenazy, who founded the Beit Warszawa Foundation. This is an extremely colorful and controversial character, when it comes to worldview, I am divided by a chasm, especially on the religious level. I am a deeply believing Christian, for me the New Testament, the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ is the meaning of life. For Ashkenazi - no. But I'm honest. He isn’t a hypocrite, for which he often pays a salty price but also wins. Ashkenazi was fighting in the administrative court with the Confessional Union of Jewish Communes of Poland, probably fifteen years. Thanks to his determination, he finally passed a judgment that somehow overruled the monopoly provided in this unconstitutional law. Seweryn Aszkenazy won the possibility of establishing a religious association on the same terms as any other man in Poland. He succeeded as the only Jew. Besides, Ashkenazi even fought in the American courts with the world Jewish Congress and also won ...
Returning, however, to Bolesław Szenicer. After he sees that the former Jewish hospital is being demolished, and the Union will sell it to the plot where someone is building a skyscraper right away, they start to ask it all out loud. Jews tend to reveal the truth in the form of questions posed by themselves. So Szenicer asks them publicly what they have recovered and how much will they sell her? He asks them who gave them the right to sell this synagogue, since it is their duty to renovate it. He began to ask too many difficult questions. One day he came to his beloved cemetery in Warsaw and saw that the cemetery was surrounded by the police.
When Szenicer came in, he was arrested immediately. He was charged with drug trafficking because several marijuana bushes were found in the cemetery. He was accused of sowing them there and generally trading this marijuana. Whoever was there knows that the Jewish cemetery in Warsaw reminds me of a forest. Everything is overgrown, a pile of trees, swindles and crumbling monuments and tombstones. I wouldn’t be surprised if there were more than three bushes of marijuana, planted by some guests who wanted to have it for their own use. Szenicer had nothing to do with it, he was in a serious shock. Of course, the police didn’t prove anything to him and she had to let him go. In the meantime, however, the Union recognized that it was a disgrace and he was thrown out of work. Szenicer, however, didn’t give up and started to fight. Then the text appeared in "Zycie Warszawy.". Then came the next text in Polityka", because there was Krzysztof Teodor Toeplitz, an old Warsaw Jew who wanted to keep Jewish culture in Poland and rebuild it. He also disagreed with the sale of communal assets of pre-war Jewish communities. Anyway, it may be Krzysztof Teodor Toeplitz who inspired Piotr Pytlakowski, an investigative journalist from Polityka, to write the first text on the controversy over communal restitution of Jewish property in Poland. In the meantime, the media began to made Szenicer a freak (this is an old way of discrediting uncomfortable witnesses). Szenicer, however, hasn’t given up and is still fighting, unfortunately at some point, for a short time and in desperation, he became involved with Leszek Bubler ...
That is, with a man who describes himself as a vicious anti-Semite in Poland?
And this is one of the biggest paradoxes. One of the biggest Jews in Warsaw is associated with the nationalist, the greatest enemy of Jews in Poland. In this way, Szenicer begins to fight against the Jews. I'm shooting music videos with him. You can also find on the Internet, like Leszek Bubel, running with a saber dressed up as a Polish nobleman and chasing Jew, who is Szenicer.
I saw this music video. From what I remember, this song is entitled Longinus Kippabreaker. Her chorus is: "Gross and Michnik go to America!".
I think so. In this way, however, Szenicer discredited himself and is seen today by other normal Jews as an unbelievable witness of Jewish heritage in Poland. I received a lot of valuable relationships from him, because he keeps documenting everything all the time. However, I didn’t use the information obtained from him in the text, because I was afraid that my text could be considered unreliable. Although I described the whole matter ten years after Pytlakowski's text, my article has caused gigantic controversy. Interestingly, I came across this subject when examining the situation of private property. I had 90 percent on this topic finished text. It is, moreover, a much more interesting and more complex subject than the issue of communal property, because there comes to talks at the level of interviews, special services and there is more money going on. It is said to be $ 65 billion, but there is a sum of up to 100 billion and. I think that it was the starting sum to be negotiated, on the basis of: "we want 100 billion, but if you give us 50, it will be ok." In 2013, there was a contact between Polish and Israeli intelligence in this matter.
As far as I know, in 2007 Jews treated the restitution of private Jewish property so seriously that the Israeli government appointed a minister for pensioners, former head of secret Israeli intelligence agency Lakam, a legendary member of the Mossad and Shin Bet, responsible for catching up to oversee Adolf Eichmann process and the liquidation of terrorists from Black September who killed earlier Israeli athletes at the Olympics in Munich - Rafi Eitana. According to the Israeli daily Haaretz, Rafi Eitan set himself the task of uniting the efforts of all the most important Jewish organizations in the world dealing with the restitution of post-Jewish property in order to get compensation as soon as possible. In March 2013, The Times of Israel reported in turn, that among the members of the Israeli delegation sent to Poland was just associated with Project HEART - already then the former Minister of Pension Affairs - Rafi Eitan. At that time, this delegation met with representatives of six Polish ministries (including ministries of foreign affairs, justice and finance) and with a group of Polish parliamentarians. In June 2015, General Rafi Eitan took part in Warsaw in a conference devoted to Operation "Bridge". But I don’t know anything about the negotiations on the restitution of Jewish property carried out at the level of Israeli and Polish intelligence. Please tell me more about this.
My work began with these discussions. There is just something like "Project HEART" (Holocaust Era Asset Restitution Taskforce). This is the key organization when it comes to the recovery of private Jewish property. Bobby Brown is the head of this organization and I had the opportunity to talk to him. Bobby Brown was in Poland. He meet with the head of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Radosław Sikorski at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Foksal Street. Bobble Brown was accompanied by a very interesting and very colorful figure, namely Peter Z. Malkin. Yes, as mentioned by Mr. Rafi Eitan, he was involved in the operation of capturing the Nazi perpetrator Adolf Eichmann is a very important person in Israel, although he is now a retired general of Szin Bet, he came to Poland to talk about the restitution of Jewish property, but the talks were already at an advanced stage. But if Radoslaw Sikorski and Donald Tusk would then agree to pay compensation to the Jews, it is the Polish state I just would have gone bankrupt because we were not able to pay them the one-off money they demanded from us. The point was therefore to describe this topic and initiate a public debate regarding the return of this property and the rules on which it could be returned. And generally, how to do it so that everyone would be happy about it.
However, the head of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Radosław Sikorski calmed Polish public opinion in 2013, saying that Poland was bound by all its obligations towards American Jews and that they were no longer in debt.
Something was officially released, and what else was done behind closed doors. Regarding the recovery of Jewish property, three trends must be distinguished. The first trend is the World Jewish Congress, "WJRO" and the Anti-Defamation League cooperating with them, which prepares maps of anti-Semitism and stigmatizes the international arena for anti-Semitism and special countries. In his opinion, these are organizations that have zero interest in the fact that the Holocaust took place and that the countries in which the Holocaust took place were compensated for damages, but the multibillion-dollar compensation obtained in such a small percentage goes to real victims The second trend is that of American Jews associated in an organization like the Holocaust Survivors. They are the real victims of the Holocaust, which are little or no of the billions of damage they have. Finkelstein's mother, he finally wrote the book The Holocaust Industry, that his mother, who survived the Holocaust, didn’t receive a single dollar from these organizations for several decades. There are many such Jews in the United States. I saw them with my own eyes.
Norman Finkelstein says that in order to receive more compensation, the "gang of Holocaust traffickers" - as it is used by Jewish organizations led by the World Jewish Congress - made the definition of "victims of the Holocaust" more flexible, extending it to all Jews who survived the WW2, also for those Jews who served in the NKVD. In Finkelstein's opinion, this flexibility was to lead to a dozen-fold overstatement of the number of real Holocaust victims living in the world today. He also points out that Jewish organizations are acting on behalf of all Polish Jews, even though they have no legitimacy for it, because they can’t have it. As I know, there isn’t one representative of all Poles spread all over the world, so there isn’t one representative of all Polish Jews. Finally, there is something as specific as Jewish collective property that any one particular subject could apply for. Therefore, Jewish organizations can’t apply for compensation for property left in Poland by Polish Jews.
Unfortunately, there hasn’t been any statesman in Poland who would say: "Polish Jews are" Polish "Jews, Polish Jews are Poles and Jews from other countries don’t have rights to them!" It would be so accurate that Jews from other countries couldn’t or didn’t want to help Polish Jews when they really needed their help. So if someone draws a hand today for the property of Polish Jews, citing moral reparation, then the mildest words that can be determined by such behavior are impudence and greed. Actions taken by Jews from Israel and the USA bring the Polish Jews not only shame, but also great damage. They are thrown into one bag of trickster, trying to stretch Poland into a big money and want to get rich in the tragedy of the Holocaust.
Polish politicians are afraid to take the floor in this matter for fear of being accused of anti-Semitism. Still returning to the distinction of these three trends in the restitution of private property of Polish Jews. The first trend is the American Jewish organizations mentioned by me who make money on the Holocaust. The other trend is the real victims of the Holocaust associated in the Holocaust Survivors. The third trend is the state of Israel, which runs the "Project HEART". It is an organization appointed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, whose budget is about 10 million dollars.
On what legal basis Israel applies for compensation for Polish Jews? After all, Polish Jews were citizens of the Polish state, not Israel, which was not established until 1948.
The "Project HEART" created by Israel has a very precise plan, which was divided into three stages: the first stage was gathering still alive victims of the Holocaust and their descendants from around the world. The second stage consisted in building the property base of these people. Bobby Brown and Peter Malkin, who met with Polish politicians, were involved in this task, and HEART isn’t in the interest of these American organizations, but in Israel's interest.
So the Jewish diaspora in the United States competes with the Jews of Israel for compensation money?
Yes. However, it must be remembered that the American Jewish organizations didn’t react to the Holocaust at all. And many Jews remember this today. I call them real Jews. When before the war and during the war there was an exodus of Jews from Europe, the United States refused to let them into their territory. These ships were then sent to South America, because the United States said, "No, we don’t want you!"
Of the 900 Jewish people who were on board the St. Louis, several hundred were later gassed by the Germans in Auschwitz and Sobibór. While Americans at the time explained their refusal to admit Jews to fear the occurrence of German spies among them, or high unemployment in American society, it is harder to explain the actions of Washington and London in 1944, when knowing perfectly what Germans with Jews in the concentration camps, the Americans and the British didn’t agree to exchange Jews in exchange for trucks. It would be good if Polish Jews and their descendants talked about it and corrected the narrative of American Jews about Poland and Poles.
There are some Jews. They all know and remember. These are the Jews who survived the Holocaust and now live in Israel or in the United States and are enemies of these organizations, considering them openly as criminal organizations. Returning, however, to the negotiations between the Jews and the Polish government regarding the restitution of post-Jewish property. Well, as soon as I learned about this meeting, I immediately called Bobby Brown, wanting to talk to him about it. I have this conversation recorded. He also recorded. He confirmed in me that there have been several meetings on restitution of Jewish private property, but he is asking me to write very carefully about it. To my question: "How much do you want?", He said he wouldn’t tell me, because something like this could work, like a bomb, in any case they are on the right track and everything indicates that they will get along.
I understand that the Jews didn’t offer Poland any help in obtaining war reparations from Germany at that time?
It was a one-off topic that never came back. Then there was a good time to take advantage of it. However, since the Polish government rules then, the team didn’t take it, it was once for some time wasted. So I think that this issue didn’t appear in "Project HEART." When I researched this topic in 2013, the Ministry of National Defense issued the slogan "Project HEART", closed all doors and windows. For Sikorski it was a taboo subject, a forbidden fruit that couldn’t be talked about at all. Outside, Sikorski presented a narrative like: "Look, we have already given everything and made a beautiful gesture towards Jewish organizations." It was a very multi-layered game. On the one hand, Tusk promised at the international conference in Prague that Poland would give the Jews their property Bronisław Komorowski in the Knesset also followed him later, but on the other hand, Radosław Sikorski suggested that we wouldn’t give up, because we had already given in. But I had a cognitive dissonance in communicating about this problem. On the one hand, Bobby Brown told me not to spoil it, because they will get along. On the other hand, Radoslaw Sikorski in a very diplomatic way told Israel that the restitution of property had already occurred earlier.
So when I entered this subject, it turned out that what I discovered so far is only a small part of the whole. Following the thread to the ball I arrived in Warsaw for a very interesting notary public. It turned out that there is one big gang that puts a paw on post-Jewish property. It includes an intelligence group that has entered the structure of private business. It must be said straightforwardly that in Poland, it is operated with impunity by the gangs dealing with the theft of private property from Jews. On the one hand, the tenement houses are taken over and the second one reactivates pre-war companies. So, sitting in this private property, about which I had almost finished text, a familiar journalist said to me: "Listen, when you sit so deep in it, maybe you could take care of synagogues and Jewish cemeteries?". I said that I thought that I would write a frame in my article, in which I write that there is a problem with the property of Jewish communities in Poland That's how I started to implement the second topic in parallel. It turned out that the deeper into the forest, the darker it is. All began to agree, when I got to the information that people from military services also took part in it, they were active in all fields related to the recovery of Jewish property, whether municipal or private. It should be remembered that Polish Jews also had movable property. There were all German transports that transported this Jewish property to the Third Reich. If they were precious metals, they were smelted as gold bars in Swiss banks or spent on arms production.
Until then, instead of turning to Germany or Switzerland for the return of movable property, American Jews turn to Poland for this. In a statement issued in August 2015 in New York, the head of the World Jewish Congress, Robert Singer, appealed to the Polish government that all things belonging to the Jews, which will be in the Nazi "Gold train", allegedly hidden near Wałbrzych, were returned The World Jewish Congress emphasized, however, that if founding heirs would be impossible, "any gold or other found property belonging to Jewish families or enterprises must now serve Polish Jews who, unfortunately, have never been properly rewarded by Poland for unspeakable the suffering and the catastrophic economic losses during the Holocaust. " Robert Singer's words have been read by many people as a challenge to Poles to share responsibility for the Holocaust and forcing financial compensations for us in this way. In response to Robert Singer's words, publicist Rafał Ziemkiewicz, he wrote: "With full awareness, exposing myself to unfair accusations of spreading racial hatred, I am telling you: both gentlemen Singer (I don’t know if they are related) and the organization we are talking about, they are an emanation of an exceptionally despicable human species, which I call "New York scabs." (...) If someone indignates that this term is abusive, I affirm: that's why I use it. Because I had the opportunity to meet these New York racketeer. They are people of particular vileness, greedy beyond all imagination, brawny and insolent, just the modern incarnations of Shakespeare's Shylock - but worse than he was, because to all the negative qualities of the amoral banker they add cynical moral blackmail, setting themselves up as the victims of the greatest crime in the history of the world. All their gangster extortions justify the moral right of holocaust survivors, the avengers of the holocaust, the heirs of the victims of the Holocaust - although they don’t belong to any of these groups themselves. On the contrary, they are the heirs of those who invested in Hitler"40.
I would suggest Mr Robert Singer to submit such a petition to the German government. I would also ask him to get interested in the extermination camp in Bełżec, which killed, according to various estimates, from 0.5 to 1 million Jews. and therefore the most in the history of the Holocaust. It was a real mistake of death. There, they were brought in and immediately murdered. There existed the first gas chambers. There was a mass extermination industry there. Finally, transports from the Jewish property departed from there. The Home Army carefully counted how much gold was transported from there. To this day, the heads of this camp have not been punished. The heads of Auschwitz were killed, but the bosses of Belzec were not settled. Why? Where are they? In the same way it isn’t known what happened to - distinguished by exceptional bestiality towards Jews - Ukrainian guards from the Bełżec camp who disappeared in Polish forests, and then left them together with the People's Army. They melted into the Polish society, did they come back to Bug?
40 https://fakty.interia.pl/opinie/ziemkiewicz/news-najgorszy-z-gangow-nowego-jorku,nId,1879618
Since we're already at Ukrainians. How does the restitution of Jewish property in Ukraine look like?
With them, there seems to be no discussion at all. Nobody even takes up this topic. They don’t agree with anything. We may return to the subject, however, because we have departed a little from him. It took me several months to write about the Jewish communal property, so it was faster than writing a text about private property that lasted almost a year. We published this text and then the real slaughterhouse started. The organization from Twarda Street, because I don’t want to talk about them, the Jewish kehilla, launched a frontal attack on the editors of the Polish Forbes, accusing us of anti-Semitism.
Until then, we were in control of this and were able to respond substantively to every argument of the opposite party. Everything seemed to be going in the right direction until the Israeli edition of Forbes didn’t reprint my text in Israel. Then the bomb exploded. When my text appeared in Hebrew, Israeli Orthodox Jews simply got crazy reading that Jewish heritage was being sold in Poland. Then the organization from Twarda launched the United States. Because they were attacked in Israel, they decided to respond in the United States. And then the World Jewish Congress reacted. His chairman, Ronald Lauder, who - comparing his speech to the papal appearance - had such Urbi et Orbi, and said about the Polish anti-Semite Surmacz and anti-Semitic "Forbes." Why does Surmacz write: "Jews to the hell?" Lauder asked. He drew sentences from the context and added to the things I didn’t use in my text. He used very strong wording, which in fact came not from my text but from the column of Seweryn Aszkenazy, which appeared in the same edition of Forbes. Lauder manipulated, but I know that he didn’t write this speech himself. It was quiet in Poland, but Lauder's speech launched the entire international machine. At that time, all Polish media kept hiding their heads in the sand. I remember that when we published the text, one of the editors of Forbes called his colleague in one of the largest private radio stations in Poland and told him: "Look, I have a great stuff, maybe you would give something about it? ". His colleague picked up an email and the phone was silent, and after thirty seconds he heard: "Did you take it ?!" The next thing he heard in the phone was a disconnected phone call, these were reactions in Poland. fresh rolls.
You can see from what you say that Polish journalists hid their heads in the sand. Unfortunately, this isn’t the first case of journalistic self-censorship. When in October 2007 at the Economic Forum in Tel Aviv, Israeli President Shimon Peres said: "Israel's economy is flourishing. Israeli businessmen invest around the world. Israel has achieved unprecedented economic success. Today we have achieved economic independence, and we buy Manhattan, Hungary, Romania and Poland. And as I see, we don’t have any problems ", the majority of Polish media were silent about his words, even if they were merely a shorthand not covered in reality or joking, it is still the duty of every self-respecting journalist specializing in economics and finance, and in international politics, it was to inform the Polish public about President Peres's speech and verify whether, when talking about "buying up" Poland, Peres joked, misjudged words and should not be searched for in that second bottom or just a moment of sincerity. This should be thoroughly checked, especially since these words were spoken by the head of a foreign state. Anyway, this statement should also be of interest to Polish state institutions. After all, if German Chancellor Angela Merkel or the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, told us about buying Poland, then we would have a political and media storm in the country. Meanwhile, most of the media were silent about the speech of the President of Israel. Later, in the Gazeta Wyborcza, in an article titled “Tracked Jews, he tracked down himself”, Anne Applebaum describing the metamorphosis of former Vice President of Jobbik, Csanád Szegedi, who discovered he was Jew, wrote: "Misunderstanding with Perez is like a traditional accusations of ritual murder". Such a vivid and unequivocal setting of the case by the most opinion-forming newspaper in Poland meant that any journalist who would like to move and investigate this case would automatically expose himself to accusations of anti-Semitism. There is also a clear suggestion that journalists should use self-censorship in this matter. People who assume the freedom of speech muzzle of political correctness apparently don’t understand that each, even the smallest matter, swept under the carpet becomes a bomb with a delayed ignition, whose firepower with each passing day becomes more and more. A avalanche is made from a small rock. From the slip of the tongue or joke, conspiracy theory. Journalists, however, are hostages of their own image, political correctness and a specific editorial line.
Yes. We don’t want to have problems. Why are we in trouble? Everyone was afraid that he would be considered a journalist or anti-Semitic medium. The fact that Jews rule the world and shakes them keeps everything mouth shut is a myth. It isn’t so, because if it were something like that, my text would never appear and wouldn’t function in the world in other media. People, however, are afraid that their careers may soon end. But back to our history ...
When Lauder appeared in public, the entire machine was launched, including the hardcore organization Anti-Defamation League, headed by Abraham Foxman.
ADL just started chasing me. Lauder's speech is released into the world of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) with a range comparable to Reuters. After JTA, information about how to interpret everything was taken over by "Haaretz" and in this way the Israeli media stopped and repulsed the attack of the Israeli "Forbes". That's how it was covered. After that, Steve Forbes responded, who wrote to our editorial office a question asking what was happening, because a war broke out in the US, that the Jews attacked Forbes, that it was anti-Semitic. A panic broke out in our office. At the secretariat there was a rumor that Steve Forbes was a Jew and that they would kill us now. So I called my good friend, a real Jew who lives in the United States, and I'm asking if it's true that Steve Forbes is a Jew. There was a silence in phone and finally I hear the answer: "Mr. Wojtek, I was born and raised in the United States and since I remember it, Steve Forbes is Irish, an extreme conservative and I have not heard anything changed in this matter. In short, he has nothing to do with our nation and I am asking you not to be hysterical. " So we sent an explanation to Steve Forbes and after 24 hours we received the following answer: "OK, very good job. Professional investigative journalism is always controversial. You wrote yours, Lauder said his. That is the freedom of speech. The matter was settled". And that was the position of the Americans, it didn’t end there ... There was an incredible pressure for the publication of the rectification ... But because I was obliged by the publishing house to keep the case for myself, I must remain silent.
Looking at the specificity and programming lines of the Axel Springer SE group, it is surprising that you were allowed to publish at all. Finally, on the official website of Axel Springer SE, it was possible to read that one of its main missions is "working towards reconciliation between Jews and Germans and supporting the fundamental rights of Israel." 41 Among other things, Axel Springer received posthumously in 2014, the Theodor Herzl Award, awarded by the World Jewish Congress, 42. The support from Axel Springer and his group give to the Jews had to be exceptionally large, since the World Jewish Congress didn’t prevent the controversial past from posthumously rewarding this media magnate. As can be read in many places, Axel Springer, due to the desire to continue his journalistic career in the Third Reich, divorced in 1938 from Jewish origin, Martha Else Meye, who went with their daughter Barbara to the Theresienstadt concentration camp43. In the award of Axel Springer by Congress didn’t prevent also the fact that Axel Springer's third wife was Rosemarie Springer (Rosemarie Alsen née Lorenz), whose father was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity, head of VoMi (Coordination Centre for Ethnic Germans), SS-Obergruppenführer Werner Lorenz44. It overwhelmed the post-war policy of Axel Springer, who at every step tried to support both the interests of Israel and the Jews themselves. Current owner Axel-Springer SE, the last, the fifth wife of Axel Springer, Friede Springer, even received support for it in 2000 from the Central Council of Jews in Germany - which includes Polish Jews - the prize of Rabbi Leo Baecek45. It is worth mentioning that the Central Council of Jews in Germany is next to, among others B'nai B'rith and the World Jewish Congress, one of the founders of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany, established in 1951. With all this in mind, it is difficult not to ask you how it was possible at all, that you were allowed to publish this text in "Forbes"? It was caused by the oversight of the headquarters or the large autonomy of the editors of the Polish edition of Forbes?
41 http://nachhaltigkeit.axelspringer.de/de/grundsaetze/unternehmensgrund saetze.html,http://www.axelspringer.de/artikel/Grundsaetze-und-Leitlinien_40_218.html.
42 https://www.welt.de/kultur/medien/article132301585/Wir-ernten-was Axel-Springer-gesaet-hat.html.
43 http://www.timesofisrael.com/the-man-on-the-hill/.
44 http://www.radiomaryja.pl/informacje/niemiecka-kolonizacja/.
45 http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/leo-baeck-preis-friede-springer-er-haelt-die-auszeichnung/175754.html.
Large editorial autonomy. It was then that it was won by the then editor-in-chief of Forbes, Kazimierz Krupa. He fought it in a very simple way. Forbes was in fact a magazine published by Axel Springer in Poland, which in comparison to the financial expenses for this magazine brought gigantic profits. It was a hen who was carrying golden eggs for Axel Springer. Thanks to that we had total independence. We were a newspaper published by Axel, but we could write what we wanted. True freedom of speech ...
Did you have any support from Polish Jews during this storm, which unleashed in connection with your text?
I had very big support. This support, however, came from two sides. Both Jewish Orthodox Jews and progressive Jews supported me. So I was supported by two extreme wings. Only the center has always acted against me because it was associated with organizations that derive direct financial benefits from the recovery of Jewish property. Orthodox and progressive people always considered themselves injured and neglected. When they found out that it really was, they got angry. I also received such informal support from Israel. For information came to me that Israeli intelligence reads and analyzes it. They knew well how it was, but it was about "szande", that is, I showed the truth about Jews and showed it to the world. This shame was for them unacceptable.
Then why was a frontal assault attacked on you?
Yes. I was supposed to disappear from public space, stop being a journalist and shut up once and for all. That was their goal. They decided to destroy me. They wanted to make such a public execution. They didn’t succeed because the resistance of the journalistic world was completely unpredictable to them. Regardless of political divisions, it suddenly turned out that the journalistic world stood on my side and the journalistic milieu started to help me. For the first time, quite unexpectedly, people from the Polish Journalists Association wants to help me. But other journalists also began to react. It started really loud. Wiktor Świetlik from the Press Freedom Monitoring Center gave me legal support. I was also nominated for the Grand Press award in the investigative journalism category. I went through all the stages and got to the finals. In this vote, and I know the report from the inside, there are signals that it will be a very incorrectly political reward so it ended up being nominated. The Polish Journalists Association didn’t have such problems and I received the Watergate award. Honestly? At the time I didn’t really care about the prizes, I didn’t hunger for honors. I just wanted to prove to my enemies that maybe in Poland freedom of speech is limp, but it still exists.
And you think those people on the other side have honored you with the Watergate award and Ralph Buechi with the Hyena of the Year award, which was given to him for an example of an unacceptable and creating mechanism of self-censorship interfering with the editor independence and journalist accompanying the publication of the article entitled “Kaddish for a million dollars”, for the symbol that freedom of speech in Poland does exist?
I think that thanks to the Polish Journalists Association, Wiktor Świetlik and Krzysztof Skowroński, yes. After this offense at me, I was looking for support abroad as well and I received a grant from London from the organization of lawyers dealing with the defense of freedom of speech around the world. They guaranteed me legal protection worth tens of thousands of pounds. They suggested that they would either send their lawyers from London or look for legal support on the spot, and they will finance it. It also gave me psychological support. I knew that I was not alone anymore and I could fight them.
Did you leave this topic after leaving "Forbes"?
After I left Forbes, I flew to the United States because I wanted to meet Ronald Lauder face to face. I wanted him to tell me what he said during his speech and what he still hung on the Internet as his official position. I wanted to sit in front of him and hear that I was a fascist, an anti-Semite and generally act to the detriment of Jews. I wanted to hear his reasons and I wanted to prove him in deep error. So I went to New York and visited the headquarters of the World Jewish Congress.
I was in the mouth of a lion, but unfortunately, I didn’t meet with Lauder, because it turned out that he just left the United States. Probably it was truth and I wasn’t trying to sell me that way. I met with the secretary general of the World Jewish Congress, Michael Schneider. Apparently he is the one who manages this organization, and Lauder is the face. So Schneider was supposed to be the real boss.
A big man, accompanied by an lawyer. Two dictaphones on the table. He was recording both himself and me. Schneider apologized to me for what happened. He decided that it was completely unnecessary and that the attack of the World Jewish Congress on me and Forbes "was a misunderstanding." He promised me that the situation in Poland would change and that there will be audits and reports will appear. It is a fact that after some time a completely new management of the Warsaw Jewish Community was established and Kadlcik is no longer there. He is no longer the chairman of the ZWGZ RP.
Interestingly, after the publication in Forbes, I received many letters depicting the real-estate problems Jews have to deal with in Poland, not connected in any way with the communities. I believe that not only the Jews themselves will be affected by the property trade of pre-war Jewish communities, but Poland will also suffer. We will be accused of carrying out a second Holocaust on this material heritage which remained in Poland after the war, but which we let destroy. We will become completely "Judenrein", a land without Jews. In non-formal conversations, such a slogan even appears. The Germans murdered Jews, and the Poles liquidated their property - they will talk about us all over the world. That is why today it must be clearly said: the communist, Polish secret services and American Jewish organizations, that are preying on compensation, are responsible for it!
Is Poland's participation in the "Brige" operation involving the transfer of Jews from former areas of the USSR across Poland to Israel and sharing with Jews from USA the cake from the restitution of the pre-war property to Jewish communities taken over by the communists, and the apology for Jews in 1968 and Jedwabne to be part of a well-thought-out and scrupulously prepared - by the PRL’s Military Intelligence or Communist decision-makers - actions aimed at obtaining in the international arena by post-communist formations based on Communist secret services and PZPR deceased legitimacy to govern Poland?
Possibly. After all, during the rule of the post-communists in Poland, a law was passed that opened the gates to the property of pre-war Jewish communities and gave a monopoly on the power of the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland.
To what convince you that the adoption of the law allowing the Jews from USA to take property of Polish Jews and other concessions from the Polish state were dictated by the desire to win powerful friends and allies among Jews who wouldn’t block Poland from entering the NATO and European Union structures, but would they even support our efforts in this regard?
It is probable, as both leftist groups directly connected with the PRL services introduced us to both NATO and the European Union. So this kind of money-off and a kind of tied transaction is probable here. It is possible on the meta-level. However, I believe that it was in fact embezzlement of state property and all this was inconsistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. But this is my opinion - a hypothesis, not supported by expert legal analysis. I would like someone to professionally evaluate this practice, because after the adoption of this law, the process of restitution began, which - in my opinion - couldn’t be a restitution, because in the Act it never once had such a formulation. It couldn’t be found there, because what was to happen couldn’t be a return. It was the transfer of property to these organizations by the state, which belonged before the war to various Jewish communities, which didn’t leave any legal continuation. However, by virtue of the violation of the Constitution, the Seym has created a legal basis for this and it remains in force until today.
Can there be any change in the matter under the rule of Law and Justice?
They will have to face this problem. I am getting signals that we will be under heavy fire on compensation, and that anti-Semitic moods will be fueled, and not by national environments.
Right after the election of Andrzej Duda to the Polish president, American Jews sent a delegation to him, whose task was to probe the new president's view of the restitution of post-Jewish property. Since it was still before the parliamentary elections, the President's Office was extremely cautious in this matter and it bent its words to not say too much. Jewish organizations certainly didn’t say the last word yet. Do you think that you will not abandon this topic?
This theme is still alive and I'm drilling it. I hope that the government will repair the mistakes of previous teams and lead to the situation that Jewish municipalities will register on the normal democratic principles in the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and not on communist principles in the Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland.
In 2012, you worked on an article in Forbes entitled Kadisz for millions, an investigative journalist and journal correspondent Maa'riv, Nissan Tzur, told Magdalena Grzebałkowska in an interview for the portal "wKazimierzu Dolnym": "Representatives of the commune sell out post-Jewish property (real estate), not caring about their historical or spiritual value. They allow to build a skyscraper next to the synagogue, and the chief rabbi explains that without such a facility, the Jewish community will perish. He explained to me that the money from renting will be spent on the commune, and I don’t believe in almost any of his word, because I have evidence that it isn’t entirely everything as it is presented. There, even in smaller matters, there are lots of ambiguities. Two months ago, my parents were in Poland, we wanted to go to the Nozyk synagogue together. And here we were asked to pay an entrance fee. I didn’t want to pay”. Nissan Tzur quite unequivocally assessed the actions of the Union. Was it also attempted to destroy him after the publication in" Forbes "?
He was destroy privately and professionally, he lost everything.
March 9th, 2016
